Kerf

Kerf is the width of material removed during a cutting process, essentially describing the gap or groove left behind by the tool. It is an important factor in precision cutting, as the kerf determines how much material is lost and affects the accuracy of the final dimensions.

In technical terms, kerf is influenced by several factors, including the type of cutting method (such as plasma, laser, waterjet, or sawing), the tool’s diameter or nozzle size, cutting speed, gas flow, and material thickness. For thermal cutting processes like plasma or laser, the kerf is created not only by the tool’s path but also by the melting and ejection of material. In contrast, mechanical processes such as sawing or milling produce kerfs determined by the physical width of the blade or bit.

Accurate kerf control is essential in applications where tight tolerances are required. Modern CNC systems compensate for kerf by offsetting tool paths, ensuring the intended part dimensions are achieved. A narrower kerf generally results in less material waste and greater precision, while a wider kerf may allow for faster cutting speeds but reduces yield efficiency.

Highlights

• Refers to the width of material removed during cutting

• Directly impacts dimensional accuracy and material waste

• Influenced by cutting method, tool size, speed, and material type

• Thermal cutting methods (plasma, laser) create kerfs through melting and ejection

• Mechanical cutting methods (saws, mills) define kerf by tool width

• CNC machines compensate for the kerf to maintain precision tolerances

• Narrow kerfs improve efficiency and reduce material loss